4^th International Conference on Antimicrobials, Multiple Drug Resistance & Antibiotics Resistance April 20-21, 2018 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Biography:

Dr. Hideko Kaji obtained her Ph.D from Purdue University. He had faculty positions at Vanderbilt School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical School, and Fox Chase Cancer Research Institute. Currently she is a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University.

Abstract:

Ribosome recycling factor (RRF) is an essential protein factor responsible for disassembly of the post-termination complex. Protein synthesis consists of 4 steps, initiation, elongation of peptide chain, termination and the ribosome recycling step. RRF catalyzes the fourth step of protein synthesis in bacteria.  It was known that inactivation of temperature sensitive RRF (tsRRF) at lag phase resulted in lethal effect (Janosi, Mottagui-Tabar et al. 1998)while at log and stationary phase it has bacteriostatic effect. In this paper, we tried to elucidate the beginning of physiological and cellular changes due to the inactivation of RRF so that we have a glimpse of the possible mechanism of lethal effect of inactivation of tsRRF at lag phase only. We found under the condition where the lethal effect is observed that a large amount of 40S particles were formed containing 16S rRNA. Within hour of the appearance of this 40S particles cells start dying. Measures such as inhibition of protein chain elongation stopped the lethal effect of tsRRF at the non-permissive temperature. All such measures eliminated the appearance of the 40S particles. We conclude that the 40S particle is essential for lethal effect of tsRRF at the lag phase. Our proteomics data showed upregulation of alternate ribosome rescue factor (ArfA) at the non-permissive temperature provide evidence about RRF essentiality. Effect of various antibiotics on the formation of the 40S particles and on the lethal effect of tsRRF will be described.

Biography:

John J.S. Cadwell received his degree in pharmacology from the University of Miami in 1981. He spent additional time studying at the University of Nottingham and the National Institute of Medical Research at Mill Hill, U.K.. In 2000 he founded FiberCell Systems Inc., a company specializing in the research and supply of hollow fiber bioreactors. He has over 10 publications in the field and three patents relating to hollow fiber systems and is considered a world expert in the field.

Abstract:

Emerging antibiotic resistance presents a serious global health threat. 2 million people in the United States were infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria in 2014 and more than 20,000 died as a direct result of these infections, many more from complications. Antimicrobial resistance has been identi ed as one of the three greatest threats to human health [1]. Antibiotic discovery and development require static susceptibility testing to screen compounds, in vitro pharmacodynamics/ pharmacokinetic (PK/PD) studies to model drug dynamics and efficacy, and testing in animal models to provide critical information prior to the clinical evaluation of new antibiotics.

The one compartment PK/PD model typically consists of an open central reservoir containing the organism of interest, a source of diluent and a waste reservoir. 1) Open system, not bio safe 2)Bacteria numbers change over time 3)Large volume requires large amount of drug and diluent 4) Rapid changes in drug concentration not possible, cannot model short half-lives 


Animal models have many shortcomings though they have served as a primary development tool for many years: 1) PK/PD may not match human values
2)Cannot sample same animal over time
3)Difficult to study large numbers of bacteria to reveal resistance 4) Many infections cannot be modeled in a mouse or other animal

To address these shortcomings the two-compartment in vitro pharmacokinetic model utilizing hollow ber bioreactors was developed, the Hollow ber infection model (HFIM). The advantages of the HFIM are as follows: 1) Closed, bio-safe system
2) Large number of organism can be tested, revealing resistance
3) Precisely simulates human PK/PD
4) Repetitive sampling over time, both drug and organism
5) Total kill can be determined
6) Single use, disposable, reproducible 7) Two drug models can be tested
8) Can model both dosing curve and elimination curve
9) Can look at bacteria in different growth phases and in combination with cells


The clinical utility of the HFIM has been demonstrated and is now endorsed by the EMA. An overview of historic pk/pd models is presented and the utility of the system as it relates to antibiotics and other drugs are discussed.

Biography:

Workshop

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:

Coronary artery disease had historically been considered to be uncommon in the sub-Saharan African of Negro Origin. This assertion may not be totally true considering the rising trend of cardiac death in the region while coronary artery disease is not a common cause of syncope we report a case of Nigeria who presented with history of recurrent syncope. He underwent coronary angiogram as part of his evaluation and was diagnosed to have coronary artery disease a significant single vessel disease (LAD).

CASE OF PRESENTATION

A 45 year old normotensive,EU glyceamic,non-smoker and non-alcoholic was referred from peripheral hospital to cardiology unit of bios specialist hospital, Nigeria for evaluation of recurrent syncope. He had two episodes of syncope with 72 hour occurring exercise preceded by dizziness, no chest palpations or dyspnoea .initial routine electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24 hour holter (EEG) were essentially normal. Another episode of syncope warranted further investigation. An immediate electrocardiogram taken showed deeply inverted symmetrical T-wave at the anterior leads. He underwent coronary angiogram at institute of cardiovascular Disease (ICVD),madras medical mission, India which revealed distal left main disease and 70-80% stenosis of the proximal (LAD). Circumflex artery was non dominant with normal right coronary artery. He subsequently had PTCA + STENT to LAD. Post revasculation course has been satisfactory with no recurrence syncope

CONCLUSION

In view of the rising trend of cardiac death in the country, there is the need for high index of suspicion for coronary artery and thorough evaluation of patients with syncope.

Therefore, endocarditis -is the term given to microbial intention of the heart valve or endocardium.

WHAT TO DISCUSSED:

In the conference centre we shall discussed on*

#Antimicrobials Infectious and infective endocarditis

#Clinical features of the sub acute illness& investigation.

# Chemo prophylaxis

#Antibiotic treatment regimen in infective endocarditis

#Complications and prognosis

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