Antimicrobials & Antibiotic Resistance

About the Conference

Sessions and tracks

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobials that are used in treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They may kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Many antibiotics are also effective against protozoans and fungi; some are toxic to humans and animals also, even when given in therapeutic dosage. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as common cold or influenza, and may be harmful when taken inappropriately. Physicians must ensure the patient has a bacterial infection before prescribing antibiotics. 

Mechanisms and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in the field of medicine and public health. It refers to the ability of bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics that were originally effective in killing or inhibiting their growth. The mechanism and evolution of antibiotic resistance is a complex process that involves genetic changes in bacteria over time. The evolution of antibiotic resistance is driven by the selective pressure imposed by the use of antibiotics. When antibiotics are introduced into an ecosystem, they kill susceptible bacteria, but some bacteria may possess resistance genes that allow them to survive and reproduce. These resistant bacteria then have a selective advantage over susceptible bacteria, leading to the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant strains. Additionally, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in both human and animal populations contribute to the rapid evolution of resistance. The constant evolution of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to human health, as it limits the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating infections. It is crucial for healthcare providers to adopt responsible antibiotic prescribing practices and for researchers to develop new antibiotics and alternative treatment strategies to combat this growing problem.

Antibiotic-resistant Bacterial infections

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a serious and growing global health concern. These infections occur when bacteria become resistant to the drugs that were originally designed to kill or inhibit their growth. As a result, the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating these infections is greatly reduced, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates. There are several factors contributing to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics, both in healthcare settings and in agriculture, play a significant role. When antibiotics are used unnecessarily or inappropriately, bacteria have more opportunities to develop resistance. Additionally, the spread of resistant bacteria between individuals and healthcare facilities can occur, further exacerbating the problem. Common infections such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and bloodstream infections are increasingly becoming more difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. In some cases, there may be limited or no effective treatment options available, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates.

Microorganisms Producing Antibiotics

Microorganisms have long been recognized as a valuable source of antibiotics. Many bacteria and fungi have the ability to produce compounds that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, providing them with a competitive advantage in their environment. These antibiotic-producing microorganisms have played a crucial role in the development of antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections in humans. Bacteria such as Streptomyces and Bacillus, as well as fungi like Penicillium and Aspergillums, are well-known producers of antibiotics. These microorganisms have the genetic machinery to synthesize complex molecules with antimicrobial properties. Through a process of biosynthesis, they produce and release these antibiotics into their surroundings. The discovery and isolation of antibiotic-producing microorganisms has been essential in the development of new antibiotics. Scientists have been able to study the chemical structures and mechanisms of action of these natural compounds, leading to the synthesis of modified or more potent versions of antibiotics.

Drug Discovery and Novel Delivery Technologies

In the prior most drugs have been invented either by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. A new access has been to recognize how disease and infection are controlled at the molecular and physiological level and to mark specific entities based on this knowledge. The process of drug discovery involves the identification of candidates, characterization, screening, synthesis, and assays for therapeutic efficacy. Evolution of an existing drug molecule from a ordinary form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, efficacy and safety. These days, drug delivery companies are engaged in the development of numerous platform technologies to get ambitious advantage, extend patent life, and increase market share of their products. Formerly a compound has displayed its value in these tests; it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials.

Antimicrobial Therapies

An antimicrobial therapy kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Antimicrobial agents are some of the most widely, and often used therapeutic drugs worldwide. It contributes significantly to the quality of life of many people and reduces the morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease. The remarkable success of antimicrobial therapy has been achieved with comparatively little toxicity and expense

Antibiotic Resistances: Opportunities and Challenges

Certain bacterial infections now oppose all antibiotics. The resistance problem may be reversible, but only if society begins to acknowledge how the drugs affect "good" bacteria as well as "bad". Historically, most antibacterial were used in hospitals, where they were integrated into surgical clothes and soaps to limit the spread of infection. More recently, however, those substances (including triclosan, triclocarbon and such quaternary ammonium compounds as benzalkonium chloride) have been mixed into lotions, dish-washing detergents and soaps meant for general consumers. They have also been impregnated into such items as

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is generally used by clinicians for the prevention of numerous infectious diseases. Optimal antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis should be nontoxic, inexpensive, bactericidal and active against the typical pathogens that can motive surgical site infection postoperatively. To maximize its effectiveness, intravenous perioperative prophylaxis should be carried out within 30 to 60 minutes before the surgical incision. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should be of short time to downturn toxicity and antimicrobial resistance and to reduce cost.

Antimicrobial Peptides

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called Host Defence Peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. AMPs have a broad spectrum of targeted organisms ranging from viruses to parasites. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antibiotics which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics it appears that antimicrobial peptides frequently destabilize biological membranes, can form trans membrane channels, and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as Immunomodulatory

Antibiotics for Various Diseases and Infections

Antibiotics are amidst the most regularly recommended medications in modern medicine. Antibiotics are useless against viral infections. When you take antibiotics, follow the guidelines carefully. It is important to finish your medicine even if you feel improved. If you stop treatment too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect you. Do not save antibiotics for later or use someone else's prescription

Pharmacology & Toxicology

Pharmacology and toxicology are two closely related fields that study the effects of drugs and other chemicals on living organisms. Pharmacology focuses on understanding how drugs interact with the body to produce therapeutic effects. It involves studying drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as their mechanisms of action and potential side effects. Pharmacologists also investigate drug-drug interactions and develop new medications to treat various medical conditions. Toxicology, on the other hand, examines the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. It involves studying the toxic properties of substances, including drugs, environmental pollutants, and industrial chemicals. Toxicologists aim to understand the mechanisms of toxicity, identify potential hazards, and evaluate the risks associated with exposure to these substances. They also develop strategies to prevent or minimize toxic effects and ensure the safety of drugs and other products.

Antibiotics: In Pregnancy and Lactation

Antibiotics are frequently recommended during pregnancy. The specific medication must be chosen carefully, however. Some antibiotics are prescribed to take during pregnancy, while others are not. Safety depends on various factors, including the type of antibiotic, when in pregnancy you take the antibiotic, how much you take and for how long. Antibiotics normally advised safe during pregnancy:  Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Penicillin, and Nitrofurantoin. Despite there's no direct clue that these antibiotics cause birth defects, additional research is needed. In the interim, use of these medications is still assured in some cases.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimicrobial Drugs

The pharmacodynamics of an antimicrobial drug relates its pharmacokinetics to the time course of the antimicrobial effects at the site of the infection. Knowledge of the drug's antimicrobial pharmacodynamics effects provides a more rational basis for determination of optimal dosing regimens in terms of the dose and the dosing interval than do the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) determined in vitro. This session mainly focus on pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial pharmacodynamics, the effect of pharmacodynamics on the emergence of resistant bacterial subpopulations, and the development of pharmacodynamics breakpoints for use in the design of trials of these drugs and in the treatment of infected patients

Immunology & Vaccines

Immunology and vaccines are closely interconnected, as vaccines harness the principles of immunology to protect individuals from infectious diseases. Immunology is the branch of science that focuses on understanding the immune system and its response to foreign substances, including pathogens. It studies how the immune system recognizes and eliminates pathogens, as well as how it develops memory to provide long-lasting protection against future infections. Vaccines, on the other hand, are biological preparations that stimulate the immune system to produce a protective response without causing the actual disease. They contain weakened or inactivated forms of pathogens, specific antigens, or genetic material that code for antigens. When administered, vaccines trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies and activation of immune cells. This immune response enables the immune system to recognize and mount a rapid and effective defense against the actual pathogen if encountered in the future.

Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that can be transmitted from one person to another either directly or indirectly (vector-borne). The invasion of disease-causing pathogens into an organism's body tissues, their growth, and the host tissues' response to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce are all considered to be infections. A condition brought on by an infection is referred to as an infectious disease, often known as a transmissible or communicable sickness. There are many different pathogens that can cause infections, but bacteria and viruses are the most prevalent ones. Hosts' immune systems can aid in their ability to combat disease. The medical specialty that deals with infections is referred to as infectious disease.

VISA - Trip Advisor

Planning a Trip to London, United Kingdom!! Attending Meeting!!

An issue with VISA!!

Antibiotics Resistance 2026 will be happy to help you in all regards to plan your trip to London, UK. Avail the official invitation letter from us to attend this event ahead with a closer step for approval of your VISA.

Find out what you need to do to visit London as a tourist or business person, how to extend your stay in London and what documents you need to carry with you to transit through London.

SPECIAL EVENT CODE: AMR026

Application Submission:

UK Embassy does not have a visa office in every country so it is important that Speakers/Delegates/Attendees visit the website of the visa office responsible for processing their visa applications.  Information is available on the website on how to submit a visa application and the documentation required. 

Speakers/Delegates/Attendees are encouraged to submit their visa applications well in advance of the date of the event at a Visa Application Centre or on-line E-applications (e-Apps).

E-Apps:

This system allows clients to submit applications online.

Speakers/Delegates/Attendees that need a visa but require their passport for other travel purposes are strongly encouraged to submit their visa applications online (e-Apps).  Speakers/Delegates/Attendees that choose to apply online will not have to submit their passport until a decision has been taken on their applications.  If required, the visa office will send the applicant instructions on how and where to send their passports to finalize the visa process.  

Visa Application Centres (VACs):

VACs are commercial service providers authorized by UK to provide specific services to applicants. 

VACs provide a number of services including help applicants fill out forms, answer questions and ensure that applications are complete, thereby reducing unnecessary delays or refusals due to incomplete applications.

Applicants that are required to provide biometrics information as part of the visa application process can do so at a VAC.  Additional information on the biometrics requirements is available at the IRCC website.

VACs send applications to Visa Offices and transmit decisions to applicants in a secure and confidential manner. VACs do not process visa applications and play no role in the decision-making process.

Visa Applications Processing Time:

Processing time for visa applications vary depending on the office and the time of the year.  Participants should be encouraged to apply early for their Visa, and to submit complete applications including all supporting documents.  Please visit the IRCC website for information on the time it takes to process visa applications at the various visa offices. 

NEW - Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA)

As of March 15, 2016, visa-exempt foreign nationals are expected to have an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) to fly to or transit through UK. Exceptions include U.K. citizens and travellers with a valid UK Visa. UK citizens, including dual citizens and UK permanent residents are not eligible to apply for an ETA.

However, from March 15, 2016, until fall 2016, travellers who do not have an ETA can board their flight, as long as they have appropriate travel documents, such as a valid passport. During this time, border services officers can let travellers arriving without an ETA into the country, as long as they meet the other requirements to enter UK.