Antimicrobials, Multiple Drug Resistance & Antibiotics Resistance

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are problems of big global importance. Th e Β-lactamases are enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactams ring; this prevents the action of β-lactams antimicrobials. Th e objective of this work was to diagnose phenotypically and molecularly 15 beta-lactamase resistance genes. Sixty samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were

selected, and the antibiogram test was done for resistance test against beta-lactams class. A literature review was performed and discovered many genes that present resistance to beta-lactams in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Aft er the literature revision, molecular tests of PCR SYBR Green method, to amplify of the genes corresponding to the resistances found in phenotyping

were performed. Following the antibiograms of the samples, they found that 24/60 (40%) were resistant to aztreonam, 15/60 (25%) to gentamicin, 6/60 (10%) to ceft azidime, 4/60 (6%), ciprofl oxacin, 4/60 (6.6%) to imepenem and 2/60 (3.3%) to piperacillin + tazobactam. No sample showed positive results for ESBL, metallo-β-lactamase neither to carbapenemase. The isolates of P. aeruginosa from our study showed a high production rate of AmpC. Among the preliminary results, we found data of correlation between beta-lactam antibiotics and resistance genes. Th e blaVIM, blaIMP, blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaGIM, blaSPM genes presented resistant to piperacillin + tazobactan, ciprofl oxacin, aztreonam and ceft azidime. According the criteria established by the Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards, this work presents the same beta-lactamases resistance shown by literature.