Conference Series Ltd invites all the participants across the globe to attend 4^th International Conference on Antimicrobials, Multiple Drug Resistance & Antibiotics Resistance Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.

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Will Thomas
Jessica Thomas

Day 1 : April 20, 2018

Keynote Forum

Akira Kaji

professor, University of Pennsylvania, USA

Keynote: The major action of Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) is to release mRNA from spent ribosomesâ€”Use of this reaction for quick screening of specific antibiotic against RRF

Time : 09:45-10:30

Conference Series Antibiotics Resistance 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Akira Kaji photo

Biography:

Akira Kaji has completed his PhD from The Johns Hopkins University followed by postdoctoral taining with Steven Kuffler at Johns Hopking Medical School follwed by Sidney Colowick at Vanderbuilt University, and David Novelli at OakRidge Natioanl Laboratory. He then became faculty member of University of Pennsylvania where he remains as an active professor. He has published more than 230 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Protein synhesis has four steps, initiation, elongation of peptide chain, termination and the recycling of the spent ribosomes, mRNA and tRNA. The last step was discovered by our laboratories and catalyzed by a unique protein called ribosome recycling factor (RRF). The recycling step consists of three reactions, release of mRNA, tRNA and splitting of ribosomes. With the use of fluorescnt labeled mRNA similar to the natural mRNA and labeled tRNA, we demonstrate in vitro that the major action of RRF is to release of mRNA and not the splitting of ribosomes into subunits. This corrects the general misconcept that the major action of RRF is to split the ribosomes into subunits. The order of events with the naturally occuring substrate of RRF, the chain of events is release of tRNA, mRNA followed by the splitting of ribosomes. The release of mRNA is not dependent on the spliting of ribosomes. The in vitro results are supported by in vivo experiments where we used the tanlational coupling followed by the reporter gene expression (beta galactosidase expression). Using the basic reaction of RRF, release of ribosomes from mRNA, we developed a new screening system for the inhibitor of RRF. In this system, the inhibition of RRF reaction, makes ribosome stay on the mRNat the termination codon but start translating downstream which is linked to GFP. (222 words). We show that this screening method functions by the use of known specific inhibor of RRF, low concentration of fusidic acid. The assay method is simple and can be performed in 96 hole plate overnight. We look forward to find collaborators who has an access to the collection of possible inhibitors.

Keynote Forum

Y. Peter Di

Associate professor,University of Pittsburgh, USA

Keynote: Development of novel antimicrobials to overcome antibiotics resistance

Time : 9:40-10:20

Conference Series Antibiotics Resistance 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Y. Peter Di photo

Biography:

Dr. Y. Peter Di is an Associate professor in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Director of Inhalation Exposure Facility, and Chair of Chemical and Hygiene Safety Committee at the University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on the cellular and molecular actions of environmental or occupational exposures to toxic chemicals and microorganisms that underlie the pathogenesis of chronic human lung diseases including asthma, respiratory infection, COPD, and lung cancer. Dr. Di’s lab provided influential identification and characterization of a novel lung epithelial cell-specific secretory protein, SPLUNC1, and its roles in respiratory infection and pulmonary diseases. Dr. Di has contributed significantly to the recent development of natural and engineered antimicrobial peptides to overcome the multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infection. Dr. Di’s laboratory studies the mechanisms of lung pathophysiology to provide a rational basis for the development of new approaches to treat pulmonary diseases.

Abstract:

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are linked to significant number of mortality and economic losses. The success of antibiotic development in the latter part of the 20th century led to a false sense of security that the medical field had achieved a sustainable control of infectious diseases, thus eliminating the perceived need for further development of novel antimicrobials. Unfortunately, the problem is worsening because of the void in the development and discovery of new antibiotics over the last three decades. We have previously developed a series of rationally engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) using different amino acids computationally arranged to achieve inactivation of diverse MDR bacterial strains. One of the lead engineered AMPs, WLBU2, has proven able to inactivate a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro at nM/μM concentrations, including MDR/XDR clinical strains of the ESKAPE pathogens. Importantly, WLBU2 has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of bacterial infection, including mouse models of P. aeruginosa bacteremia and a monkey model of vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infection, demonstrating the ability of WLBU2 to work in complex biological environments intrinsic to animals. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of WLBU2 via direct airway delivery in a murine model of P. aeruginosa infection. With a single dose of 1µg (0.05mg/kg) delivered i.t., the initial effect of LL37 was moderate and transitory, as bacterial load and inflammatory cytokines increased at 24h with observed signs of disease such as lethargy and hypothermia, consistent with moribund state requiring euthanasia. In sharp contrast, WLBU2 reduced bacterial burden (>2 logs) and bacteria-induced inflammation (leucocytic infiltrates, cytokine and chemokine gene expression) at 6h and 24h post-exposure, with no observed signs of disease or host toxicity. To our knowledge, these studies represent the most successful published studies of in vivo testing of cationic AMPs in animal models.

Keynote Forum

Ghassan Matar

Professor and Vice Chairperson, American University of Beirut, Lebanon

Keynote: Combating antimicrobial resistance â€“ Utility of antimicrobial combination therapy and/or inhibitors

Time : 11:20-12:00

Conference Series Antibiotics Resistance 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Ghassan Matar photo

Biography:

Dr. Ghassan M. Matar is a Professor and Vice Chairperson in the Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, American University of Beirut. To present he published 101 articles in refereed international journals and received funding from various extramural sources. His research interests deal mainly with molecular mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents in pathogenic bacteria, namely carbapenem resistance in ESBL and non-ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and assessment of combination using antimicrobial therapy with and without inhibitors or natural products, in infections caused by carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae harboring various carbapenemase encoding genes.

Abstract:

The range of antimicrobial agents that can be used to treat bacterial infections is becoming limited with the constant increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several genetic factors underlie AMR, including β-lactamase-encoding genes such as bla_CTXM-15 that confers resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and bla_OXA-48, bla_NDM-1, and bla_KPC-2that confer resistance to carbapenems. Remaining treatment approaches for such resistant infections include antimicrobial combination therapy and the use of β-lactamase inhibitors. This study assesses the molecular effects of such treatment approaches on antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in vitro and in vivo.

Nine clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were included in the study. One harboring bla_CTXM-15, one harboring bla_OXA-48, one harboring bla_KPC-2, two harboring bla_NDM-1and bla_CTXM-15, and four harboring bla_OXA-48and bla_CTXM-15. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for carbapenems with β-lactamase inhibitors: avibactam, Ca-EDTA, and relebactam. Synergism between antibiotic combinations was determined by double disc diffusion when using colistin with several antibiotics. In vitro and in vivo gene expression levels were done on these combinations with and without inhibitors.

The use of meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem with the selected β-lactamase inhibitors restored isolate susceptibility in 100%, 87.5%, and 25% of the cases, respectively. Antimicrobial synergism was mostly detected between colistin and meropenem, fosfomycin, or tigecycline. Survival studies revealed the survival of most mice receiving antimicrobial combination therapy with inhibitors as compared to the controls. Overall gene expression levels of resistance genes were variable depending on treatment.

The threat of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections remains viable; however, different approaches to therapy are available.

Keynote Forum

Helieh S. Oz

American Association o Gastroenterology

Keynote: Overuse of antibiotics in food animal industry and infectious and inflammatory complications in humans

Time : 12:00-13:00

Conference Series Antibiotics Resistance 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Helieh S. Oz photo

Biography:

Workshop

Dr Helieh Oz has a DVM, MS (U. IL); PhD (U. MN) and clinical translational research certificate (U.KY). Dr Oz is an active member of American Association of Gastroenterology (AGA) and AGA Fellow (AGAF) and associate in Rome Foundation (Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases). Dr Oz is a Microbiologist with expertise in infectious and inflammatory diseases, drugs discovery, pathogenesis, innate/mucosal Immunity, molecular biology, and micronutrient. Dr. Oz has over 90 publications in the areas of chronic inflammatory disorders, microbial and infectious diseases. Dr Oz has served as Lead Editor for special issues including Gut inflammatory, infectious diseases and nutrition 2017 (Mediators of Inflammation); gastrointestinal inflammation, repair: role of microbiome, infection, nutrition (Gastroenterology Research Practice), J. Nutrient and guest Editor for J. Pediatric Infectious Disease. Dr Oz is a member of different editorial board and an avid reviewer for journals.

Abstract:

Pathogens cause dysregulated immune and inflammatory response. Microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) acts as a protector of health from disease. Microbiota helps absorption of nutrients and guards against invasive pathogens to dwell in GI. While, antibiotics are required to fight pathogens and infectious diseases, overuse and abuse as well as unintentional consumption of food contaminated with antibiotics affect GI to alter the composition of microbiome. Further, antibiotics shift equilibrium from health into disease status as in infections with Clostridium spp. Infectious protozoan and microbial diseases are transmitted from animals and cause GI inflammation and diarrhea in man. The common preventive practice for infectious diseases and growth promoter in farm animals are continued use (overuse) of antibiotics which enter blood circulation and contaminate eggs, milk, and meat products. Antibiotics are entered food chain and consumed by humans with possible allergic, antibiotic resistance, and other enigmatic side effects. It is estimated that over 80% of antimicrobials are used for prevention and growth promotion in swine, cattle and chickens compared to only 20% used in human therapies. This presentation will aim to discuss unintentional consumption of antibiotic residues in contaminated food products with possible side effects. Association between overuse and abuse of antibiotics in food animal industry will be discussed with outbreaks of major infectious foodborne diseases, altered gut microbiota and dysbiosis with serious complications. In addition, different preventive measures will be discussed including possible applications of new agents as surrogates to substitute antibiotics in food animals.

Keynote Forum

Rongshi Li

University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA

Keynote: Fragment-based and natural product-derived antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens

Time : 09:00-09:45

Conference Series Antibiotics Resistance 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Rongshi Li photo

Biography:

Rongshi Li is a Professor of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Center for Staphylococcal Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center. After spending 14 years in industry advancing from Scientist to Senior Vice President, Dr. Li moved to Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida in 2008. In 2013, he was recruited to University of Nebraska Medical Center. Dr. Li received the Distinguished Scientist Award (2016), Grants Award (2013), and New Inventions (2014, 2016). Dr. Li has over 200 scientific contributions including peerreviewed articles, US and PCT patents, reviews, book and book chapters, editorial, and published scientific presentations. Dr. Li delivered over 100 lectures as a keynote or invited speaker at numerous universities and research institutions, and in national and international symposia. Dr. Li was a Guest Editor for a special issue of “Natural Product-based Drug Discovery” for Medicinal Research Reviews.

Abstract:

Antibiotic drug resistance is a major threat to human health in the US and throughout the world. The Infectious Disease Society of America has classified “ESKAPE” (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens as those able to escape the biocidal action of antibiotics. Natural products, their derivatives, metabolites, and mimics account for more than half of the New Chemical Entities for anti-infective drugs. Marine natural products have contributed to eight drugs or cosmeceuticals that were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Fragment-based and natural product-based derivatives are powerful for drug design and discovery. This talk will discuss the design, synthesis, and Structure-Activity- Relationships of natural product fragments and their derivatives for the development as potential antibiotics.

Keynote Forum

Tore Midtvedt

Karolinska Institutet, Sweden

Keynote: A holistic approach for evaluation of adverse effects regarding usage of antimicrobials

Time : 10:50-11:50

Conference Series Antibiotics Resistance 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker Tore Midtvedt photo

Biography:

Lecturer in Medical Microbiology, Department of Bacteriology,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway 1961-1963.Visiting scientist, Department of Germfree Research,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 1963-1966, Lecturer in Bacteriological Pharmacology.Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway 1966-1969. Associated Professor in Medical Microbiology, University of Oslo 1973-1982. Professor in Medical Microbiology, University of Oslo, Norway 1982-1983. Professor and Chairman, Department of Medical Microbial Ecology,Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 1983-1999, Professor emeritus, Karolinska Institutet since 1990.Doctor Med Vet Honores Causae. Norw Sch Vet Med, Oslo Norway 2010.

Abstract:

In the present setting, the term eco-shadow is defined as future alterations in an ecosystem following exposure of the ecosystem to antimicrobial agens. The alterations can be of variable length and can involve variations in numbers and fuctions of species/strains as well as development of resistance to such agens.

In the past. most attention has been paid to development of antibiotic resistance following exposure of microorganisms to antibiotics. Nowadays. It is a rapid body of evidence showing that usage of any antimicrobial may lead to development of resistance and spreading of resistant microbial strains. Groups of substances studied to a certian degree include desinfectants, herbicides, pesticides, food additives, genetic modified organisms (GMOs)(dependiing of how they are produced), many heavy metals and even probiotics. Most often, the new resistance is found on plasmids, often rapidly coupled with resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Thus, usage of a desinfectant or a herbicide might be driving forces in a rapid spreading of resistance to clinically important antibiotics.

Therefore, our fight against increasing antibiotic resistance can not any longer be restricted to a more controlled usage of genuine antibiotics, but has to include a similar usage control of all antimicrobials. Additionally, new approches have to be taken into considerations Focus has to be put on spreading mechanisms. Cleansing of sewage will include eradication of antibiotic resistant genes, feces transplants have to be controlled for absence of defined gene resistance, etc, etc. This is not science fiction, but technologies under establishment.

Thus: eco-shadows following usage of any antimicrobial should be minimized

Keynote Forum

Rongshi Li

University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA

Keynote: Fragment-based and natural product-derived antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens

Time : 09:00-09:45

Biography:

Rongshi Li is a Professor of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Center for Staphylococcal Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center. After spending 14 years in industry advancing from Scientist to Senior Vice President, he moved to Moffi tt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida in 2008. In 2013, he was recruited to University of Nebraska Medical Center. He has received the Distinguished Scientist Award (2016), Grants Award (2013), and New Inventions (2014, 2016). He has over 200 scientifi c contributions including peer-reviewed articles, US and PCT patents, reviews, book and book chapters, editorial, and published scientifi c presentations. He has delivered over 100 lectures as a keynote or invited speaker at numerous universities and research institutions, and in national and international symposia. He was a Guest Editor for a special issue of “Natural Product-based Drug Discovery” for Medicinal Research Reviews

Abstract:

Antibiotic drug resistance is a major threat to human health in the US and throughout the world. The infectious disease society of America has classifi ed “ESKAPE” (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter

baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens as those able to escape the biocidal action of antibiotics. Natural products, their derivatives, metabolites, and mimics account for more than half of the new chemical entities for antiinfective

drugs. Marine natural products have contributed to eight drugs or cosmeceuticals that were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Fragment-based and natural product-based derivatives are powerful for drug design and discovery. Th is talk will discuss the design, synthesis, and structure-activity-relationships of natural product fragments and their derivatives for the development as potential antibiotics.

Keynote Forum

Akira Kaji

University of Pennsylvania, USA

Keynote: The major action of Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) is to release mRNA from spent ribosomes-Use of this reaction for quick screening of specifi c antibiotic against RRF

Time : 09:45-10:30

Biography:

Akira Kaji has completed his PhD from The Johns Hopkins University followed by Post-doctoral training with Steven Kuffl er at Johns Hopking Medical School followed by Sidney Colowick at Vanderbuilt University, and David Novelli at OakRidge National Laboratory. He then became Faculty Member of University of Pennsylvania where he remains as an Active Professor. He has published more than 230 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

Protein synthesis has four steps, initiation, elongation of peptide chain, termination and the recycling of the spent ribosomes, mRNA and tRNA. Th e last step was discovered by our laboratories and catalyzed by a unique protein called ribosome recycling factor (RRF). Th e recycling step consists of three reactions, release of mRNA, tRNA and splitting of ribosomes. With the use of fl uorescent labeled mRNA similar to the natural mRNA and labeled tRNA, we demonstrate in vitro that the major action of RRF is to release of mRNA and not the splitting of ribosomes into subunits. Th is corrects the general misconception that the major action of RRF is to split the ribosomes into subunits. Th e order of events with the naturally occurring substrate of RRF, the chain of events is release of tRNA, mRNA followed by the splitting of ribosomes. Th e release of mRNA is not dependent on the splitting of ribosomes. Th e in vitro results are supported by in vivo experiments where we used the translational coupling followed by the reporter gene expression (beta galactosidase expression). Using the basic reaction of RRF, release of ribosomes from mRNA, we developed a new screening system for the inhibitor of RRF. In this system, the inhibition of RRF reaction, makes ribosome stay on the mRNA at the termination codon, but start translating downstream which is linked to GFP. We show that this screening method functions by the use of known specifi c inhibitor of RRF, low concentration of fusidic acid. Th e assay method is simple and can be performed in 96 hole plate overnight. We look forward to finding collaborators who has access to the collection of possible inhibitors.

Keynote Forum

Tore Midtvedt

Karolinska Institute, Sweden

Keynote: A holistic approach for evaluation of adverse effects regarding usage of antimicrobials

Time : 10:50-11:50

Biography:

Tore Midtvedt has been a Lecturer in Medical Microbiology, Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway since 1961-1963. He wa a Visiting Scientist in the Department of Germfree Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden from 1963-1966, Lecturer in Bacteriological Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway since 1966-1969. He was an Associated Professor in Medical Microbiology, University of Oslo since 1973-1982. He Professor in Medical Microbiology, University of Oslo, Norway since 1982-1983. He was a Professor and Chairman in the Department of Medical Microbial Ecology, Cell and Molecular Biology in Karolinska Institute, Stockholm since 1983-1999 and has been a Professor Emeritus in Karolinska Institute since 1990.

Abstract:

In the present setting, the term eco-shadow is defi ned as future alterations in an ecosystem following exposure of the ecosystem to antimicrobial agents. Th e alterations can be of variable length and can involve variations in numbers and functions of species/strains as well as development of resistance to such agents. In the past, most attention has been paid to development of antibiotic resistance following exposure of microorganisms to antibiotics. Nowadays, it is a rapid body of evidence showing that usage of any antimicrobial may lead to development of resistance and spreading of resistant microbial strains. Groups of substances studied to a certain degree include disinfectants, herbicides, pesticides, food additives, genetic modifi ed organisms (GMOs) (depending on how they are produced), many heavy metals and even probiotics. Most oft en, the new resistance is found on plasmids, oft en rapidly coupled with resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Th us, usage of a disinfectant or an herbicide might be driving forces in a rapid spreading of resistance to clinically important antibiotics. Th erefore, our fight against increasing antibiotic resistance cannot any longer be restricted to a more controlled usage of genuine antibiotics but has to include a similar usage control of all antimicrobials. Additionally, new approaches have to be taken into considerations and focus has to be put on spreading mechanisms. Cleansing of sewage will include eradication of antibiotic resistant genes, feces transplants have to be controlled for absence of defi ned gene resistance, etc. Th is is not science fi ction, but technologies under establishment. Th us, eco-shadows following usage of any antimicrobial should be minimized.

Keynote Forum

John J S Cadwell

FiberCell Systems Inc., USA

Keynote: The hollow fi ber infection model: Principles and practice

Time : 11:50-12:35

Conference Series Antibiotics Resistance 2018 International Conference Keynote Speaker John J S Cadwell photo

Biography:

John James Stewart Cadwell has received his degree in Pharmacology from the University of Miami in 1981. He spent additional time studying at the University of Nottingham and the National Institute of Medical Research at Mill Hill, UK. In 2000, he founded Fiber Cell Systems Inc., a company specializing in the research and supply of hollow fi ber bioreactors. He has over 10 publications in the fi eld and three patents relating to hollow fi ber systems and is considered a world expert in the field.

Abstract:

Emerging antibiotic resistance presents a serious global health threat. Two million people in the United States were infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria in 2014 and more than 20,000 died as a direct result of these infections, many more from complications. Antimicrobial resistance has been identifi ed as one of the three greatest threats to human health. Antibiotic discovery and development require static susceptibility testing to screen compounds, in vitro pharmacodynamics/ pharmacokinetic (PK/PD) studies to model drug dynamics and effi cacy, and testing in animal models to provide critical information prior to the clinical evaluation of new antibiotics. Th e one compartment PK/PD model typically consists of an open central reservoir containing the organism of interest, a source of diluent and a waste reservoir. Th e disadvantage of this system includes: 1) Open system, not bio safe; 2) Bacteria numbers change over time; 3) Large volume requires large

amount of drug and diluent; 4) Rapid changes in drug concentration not possible and cannot model short half-lives. Anima models have many shortcomings though they have served as a primary development tool for many years: It includes: 1) PK/ PD may not match human values; 2) Cannot sample same animal over time; 3)Diffi cult to study large numbers of bacteria to reveal resistance; 4) Many infections cannot be modeled in a mouse or other animal. To address these shortcomings, the two-compartment in vitro pharmacokinetic model utilizing hollow fi ber bioreactors was developed, the Hollow fi ber infection model (HFIM). Th e advantages of the HFIM are as follows: 1) Closed, bio-safe system; 2) Large number of organism can be tested, revealing resistance; 3) Precisely simulates human PK/PD; 4) Repetitive sampling over time, both drug and organism; 5) Total kill can be determined; 6) Single use, disposable, reproducible; 7) Two drug models can be tested; 8) Can model both dosing curve and elimination curve; 9) Can look at bacteria in diff erent growth phases and in combination with cells. Th e clinical utility of the HFIM has been demonstrated and is now endorsed by the EMA. An overview of historic PK/PD models is presented and the utility of the system as it relates to antibiotics and other drugs are discussed.

Origins and Types of Antibiotic and Antimicrobials

Session Introduction

Helieh S. Oz

American Association of Gastroenterology

Title: Overuse of Antibiotics in food Animal Industry and Infectious and Inflammatory Complications in Humans

Time : 12:00-13:00

Biography:

Workshop

Abstract:

Alessandro Pini

University of Siena, Italy

Title: The preclinical development of a novel antimicrobial peptide with strong antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity,systemic and pulmonary delivery with nanoparticles

Time : 14:00-14:30

Biography:

He is founder and president of the company SetLance, based in Siena. SetLance has a special focus in the identification and early development of peptide-based drugs. He is author of dozens of publications and inventor in 12 patents regarding antibodies and peptides and their applications.

Abstract:

SET-M33 has a potent activity against a large panel of Gram-negative bacteria, with MIC90 below 1.5 μM for multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Its mechanism of action involves LPS binding and membrane permeation (van der Weide et al. 2017, Biochim Biophys Acta). In in-vivo models of P. aeruginosa infections the peptide enabled a survival percentage of 60-80% in sepsis and lung infections when injected i.v. or by nebulization. The peptide is also able to neutralize LPS thus inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines. This produces a strong anti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated in vivo in models of pulmonary infections (Brunetti et al. 2016, J Biol Chem). Plasma clearance, biodistribution, acute toxicity, synergistic activity with traditional drugs, and resistance selection profiles in comparison with molecules already used in the clinical practice, have been evaluated.

The conjugation of SET-M33 to nanoparticles based on different carriers (dextran, poly-lactide-co-glycolide, and others) is under evaluation for the improved delivery and slow release of the molecule administerd by aereosol or systemically.

Preclinical tests including ADME, safety pharmacology and manufacturing processes are in the last stages of development, thus SET-M33 is expected to enter into clinical trials in the next 18 months.

Antoine Abou Fayad

American University of Beirut, Lebanon

Title: From bugs to drugs: Combating antimicrobial resistance by discovering novel antibiotics

Time : 14:30-15:00

Biography:

Antoine Abou Fayad has completed his PhD at the age of 26 years from Univeristy of St Andrews, UK, and postdoctoral studies from Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research in Saarland, Germany. He is currently a junior group leader and an instructor at the department of experimental pathology, immunology and microbiology at the faculty of medicine in the American University of Beirut. He has published more than 12 papers in the field of AMR in reputed journals and has 2 pending patent applications.

Abstract:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a life threatening urgent global health problem. There is increasing concern about the alarming emergence of multidrug-resistant superbugs. Infections resulting from such superbugs are barely responsive to treatment with few if any currently available antibiotics, reviving memories of the pre-antibiotic era and raising concerns regarding a post-antibiotic era. Given the complexity of the AMR challenge and concerns about issues at the interface of human health, animal health, and the environment, it seems particularly important to emphasize the role of a One Health approach in addressing the problem. Priorities should not only consist of strengthened human and animal health surveillance and monitoring for resistant organisms, antimicrobial stewardship programs, infection-control courses, and development of rapid diagnostic tests, but also should include, development and validation of new antimicrobial agents. As noticed, since combination therapeutic strategies will reach a dead-end very soon, novel antimicrobials with unexploited targets are highly needed in a timely manner. Soil microorganisms produce natural products as a significant number of drugs in clinical use are derived from these metabolites. Actinomycetes and Myxobacteria are mainly soil dwelling microorganisms that produce secondary metabolites to be screened for antibacterial activity. More than 80% of clinically utilized antibiotics are either natural products or natural product-derived molecules such as vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, tetracycline and many others. Our aim is to demonstrate the progress on isolating and identifying novel antimicrobials from new Actinomycetes and Myxobacteria from Lebanon.

Hak-Ryul Kim

Kyungpook National University, Korea

Title: 7,10-epoxy octadeca 7,9-dienoic acid: Potential candidate for antibacterial agent against multidrugresistant Staphylococcus aureus

Biography:

Prof. Hak-Ryul Kim has completed his PhD from Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama and postdoctoral studies from University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy in Baltimore, Maryland. He is a professor and Chairman of School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook Nartional University in Daegu Korea. He has published more than 65 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a board member of the International Society of Biocatalysis and Agricultureal Biotechnology.

Abstract:

Structural modification of natural lipids by biocatalysis can change their properties or even create novel functionalities. Hydroxy fatty acid, one of oxylipins, can be produced from the microbial bioconversion of natural vegetable oils. Recently 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was produced with high yield from olive oil containing oleic acid by bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, and further study confirmed that DOD contained strong antimicrobial activities against broad range of microorganisms. In this study we tried to modify DOD molecules by physical reaction to create new functionality or to enhance the antimicrobial activity of DOD. After the harsh heat-treatment, a novel furan fatty acid (EODA) was produced from DOD. We confirmed that EODA presented strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and also EODA showed a recuperative effect of the beta-lactam antibiotics activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Temedie-Asogwa Tarilate

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria

Title: Antibiotic Utilisation Review in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Time : 15:50-16:20

Biography:

Temedie-Asogwa Tarilate is a 29 year old pharmacist. She completed her B-Pharm degree at the age of 21 years from Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria. She holds a masters degree in Clinical Pharmacy from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. She has an eight (8) years cumulative work experience as a Pharmacist. She has for 5 years now worked as a clinical Pharmacist at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.and currently head the geriatrics pharmacy unit of the hospital. She has published two papers in reputable journals and also functions as a preceptor and co-supervise undergraduate pharmacy students.

Abstract:

Inappropriate use of medicines is widespread in teaching hospitals. The study aims to assess antibiotic use pattern among hospitalised patients in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in medical, surgical, paediatrics, and obstetrics and gynaecology wards from October 2015 to March 2016 using seventeen (17) core antimicrobial drug use indicators developed under the Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus (RPM-Plus) Program of Management Sciences for Health and revised under the Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems (SPS) Program. A total of 2356 patients’ folders were reviewed retrospectively and data obtained statistically analysed. Additionally, sixteen inpatient physicians were interviewed to understand the reason behind the antibiotic prescribing practice observed. Antibiotics were prescribed in 68.8 percent of hospitalizations. Only 84.2 percent appeared on the essential drug list, 60.4 percent were injections and 39.9 percent were prescribed in generics. Each patient was prescribed 2.74 antibiotics at â‚¦13,632.00 cost averagely per hospitalization. Cephalosporin antibiotics were most commonly prescribed. The percentage of prescribed antibiotics actually administered was 87.4 percent, while 88.5% were empirically prescribed. About 35.0 percent of antibiotics were prescribed for Respiratory Tract Infections. Only 62.2 percent of key antibiotics were available and there was no systems regulating antibiotics use at UPTH. Physicians reported certain factors influenced the antibiotic use pattern observed. Antibiotics use in UPTH did not conform to acceptable standards. Establishment of local protocols and systems regulating antibiotics use including an antibiotic stewardship programme could improve rational antibiotic use; curtail cost and result in substantial savings.

Zajeba Tabashsum

University of Maryland, USA

Title: Berry pomace extracts as natural sanitizer in controlling entericpathogens in fresh produce

Time : 16:20-16:50

Biography:

Zajeba Tabashsum is a second year Graduate student at the Department of Animal and Avian Sciences in University of Maryland- College Park. Her research area is focused on natural antimicrobials and their implications. She has already published 4 papers in reputed journals and submitted one book chapter. Recently one of her abstract has got accepted for oral presentation and has presented posters in different national/international coferences.

Abstract:

With growing trend of back yard, mixed crop-livestock or pasture/organic farming system, cross-contamination of produce specifically leafy-vegetables with enteric pathogens including Salmonella, Listeria and Escherichia coli is a major concern. Again produce-borne infections in the US are rising faster than ever causing thousands of hospitalizations and deaths yearly. It is also huge economic burden and major reason to recall produce products. So post-harvest processing is necessary to decrease contamination by enteric pathogens for safer products. As organic-farmers cannot use synthetic chemicals/antibiotic, they are desperately needed a natural-alternative to eliminate contaminants from produces. As an alternative approach, we verified the efficacy of berry pomace extract (BPE) which is high in phenolic compounds including flavan, flavanone, glucuronides, glucosides, quinolones, catechol, tannins, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and xanthoxic acid as sanitizer in controlling enteric pathogen Salmonella from fresh produces. For this purpose spinach and celery were decontaminated for any natural contamination and spiked with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC® 14028™) and dipped into BPE or water for same time period and reduction in bacterial load and alteration in virulent-gene expression level was determined. There was significant reduction in bacterial number from 0.5-3.5 log with BPE treatments when compared to dipping into water also reduced bacterial number but not as efficiently. The expression of virulent-genes were also altered significantly by BPE treatments. Our findings indicated that BPE can be a potential natural alternative to replace synthetic chemical sanitizer to eliminate/reduce major enteric bacterial pathogens particularly Salmonella in produces and limit salmonellosis in human.

Nataliya Roth

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria

Title: Role of feed additives in the strategy to reduce the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in broilers

Time : 16:50-17:20

Biography:

Nataliya Roth has completed her MSc in Academy of Veterinary Medicine in Lviv, Ukraine and MSc at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, Austria. Last 10 years she was working in R&D of feed additives producer Biomin Holding GmbH. Last four years she was working on her PhD about antibiotic use, resistance and strategies to overcome resistance on University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna.

Abstract:

The application of antibiotics for the treatment of disease, disease prevention and growth promotion in food-producing animals provides favorable conditions for the selection, persistence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance determinants at the farm level. Increasing antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat and prevent poultry diseases worldwide. Fluoroquinolone resistance rates are high in their countries of use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an acid-based feed additive, as well as fluoroquinolone antibiotics, on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli. To study the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli are widely accepted as indicator bacteria. A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to three treatments: a control group receiving a basal diet; a group receiving a feed additive (FA) based on formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid; and an antibiotic enrofloxacin (AB) group given the same diet, but supplemented with enrofloxacin in water. A pooled fecal sample of one-day-old chicks was collected upon arrival at the experimental farm. On day 17 and day 38 of the trial, cecal samples from each of the eight pens were taken, and the count of E. coli and antibiotic-resistant E.coli was determined.

The results of the study show a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in one-day-old chicks. Supplementation of the diet with FA and treatment of broilers with AB did not have a significant influence on the total number of E. coli in the cecal content on day 17 and day 38 of the trial. Supplementation with FA contributed to better growth performance and to a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in E. coli resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline compared to the control and AB groups, as well as to a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli compared to the AB group. Treatment with AB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the average daily weight compared to the control group and increased (P ≤ 0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline; it also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to cefotaxime and extended spectrum beta-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing E. coli in the ceca of broilers.

Bernard C. Silvala

University of Tabuk, KSA

Title: Panton â€“ Valentine Leukocidin producing Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from three health care centers in Tabuk City â€“ Saudi Arabia

Time : 17:20-17:50

Biography:

Dr. Bernard C. Silvala is the current Department Head of the Medical Laboratory Technology Program at the University of Tabuk. He is an Assistant Professor in Microbiology. He has published numerous works in Microbiological assays, educational manuals and scientific articles. Also a member of editorial board reviewer of reputable journals.

Abstract:

Panton-valentine leukocidin (PV-luk) toxin is a very potent toxin responsible for severe and fatal form of Staphylococcal infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of PV-luk producing methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and compare the conventional against real time PCR for identification of MRSA. A total number of 47 MRSA isolates were enrolled in the study. All are identified and typed using VITEK system. DNA was extracted and subject to conventional and real time PCR (RT-PCR) for the detection of mecA, luk-PV, orfX, mecA/mecC SCC/orfX junction genes. Forty-five isolates (95.7%) confirmed as MRSA and 2 isolated showed a mixed infection of Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS). Fifteen out of forty-seven (31.9%) have Panton – Valentine Leukocidin gene (luk-PV) gene. PV-luk was detected in one third of tested MRSA emerging the possibility to have a potent superbug. In addition to, diagnosis of MRSA is highly accurate when using multiplex real time PCR rather than conventional PCR.

Antimicrobial resistance and its emergence of animals

Session Introduction

Richard M Beteck

Rhodes University, South Africa

Title: Metronidazole schiff base hybrids: Synthesis and in vitro anti-trichomonocidal evaluation

Time : 12:20-12:50

Biography:

Richard Mbi Beteck has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from North-West University, Potchefstroom campus and is currently a postdoctoral fellow at Rhodes University.

Abstract:

Trichomoniasis is a neglected venereal infection affecting almost 43 million people in Africa and almost 4 million people in the United states of America. It is a very common disease with high prevalence of up to 40 % in some regions in Africa. It is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasitic protozoan which is transmitted from person to persons during sex. It has been established that infection with T. Vaginalis increases the chances of acquiring and transmitting HIV. It also amplifies the progression of other sexually transmitted diseases. Treatment of Trichomoniasis rely solely on metronidazole and tinidazole, with metronidazole being the mainstay therapy. These agents are effective and safe at low doses required to treat susceptible strains of the parasite. However, serious side effects arose when large doses are used to manage metronidazole tolerant and resistant strains of T. Vaginalis. With metronidazole tolerant and resistant strains of T. Vaginalis well documented, it is imperative to develop new trichomonacidal agents. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Our approach is to develop novel agents that can potentially probe new targets in the parasite and can still be reduced in the parasite hydrogenosome to generate reactive radicals (as does metronidazole). To this effect, we conceptualised and synthesise target compounds containing a metronidazole (MTZ) unit flagged by Schiff bases of varied lipophilicities and hydrogen bonding properties. Findings: Target compounds were screened in vitro against drug susceptible strains of the parasite for preliminary investigation and were established to be potent, with almost 80 % of target compounds exhibiting 100 % parasite inhibition at 10 µM. Conclusion & Significance: There is currently no treatment for metronidazole resistant trichomoniasis. Our approach has delivered very potent agents having the potential to probe additional targets to that of MTZ. They are promising templates to overcome the issue of resistance.

Samuel Kesse

China Pharmaceutical University, China

Title: New antibiotics on the market and how to effectively use them

Time : 13:50-14:15

Biography:

Abstract:

Mengfei Peng

University of Maryland, USA

Title: Mobility of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium under natural and simulated farm environments

Time : 14:15-14:40

Biography:

Mengfei is at his last stage of PhD study in the University of Maryland, and he will finish his PhD in May 2018. His research area is focusing on applying modern techniques of microbiology in improving human gut microbiome as well as preventing foodborne enteric diseases. So far he has published 3 book chapters and 10 papers in reputed journals, and he has presented 3 oral talks and more than 10 posters in top-level conferences.

Abstract:

Microbial horizontal gene transfer is a continuous process and it shapes especially bacterial genomes. However, the niches of microbial ecology as well as synthetic antibiotics or natural antimicrobials in the influence on the evolution of this biological networks are not fully understood yet. So far, very little attention has been paid on how dosages of antibiotics utilized in farm animal production contributes to the overall problem of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of sub-therapeutic and therapeutic dosages of synthetic antibiotics that foster the exchange of genetic materials in the microbial community in various components of farm animal production system using marked conventional and organic farm isolated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains. The relatedness among the S. Typhimurium isolates from this study was investigated based on genome-wide SNP comparisons and the draft genome contigs have been submitted to NCBI. The antibiotic resistant S. Typhimurium isolates from conventional farm cultured in both conventional and organic soils failed to lose their tetracycline resistance, whereas highly sensitive S. Typhimurium strains isolated from organic farm gradually acquired higher tetracycline MICs over time under both types of soils. None of the isolated S. Typhimurium strains developed or lost sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance in soil environment. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that differential expression of genes involved in antibiotic resistance in S. Typhimurium isolates was artificially inoculated under antibiotic pressure. The findings suggest some basic patterns in mechanism of S. Typhimurium antibiotic-resistance development in farm-related microbial ecosystems.

Pramod Jog

D.Y.Patil Medical College, Pune

Title: Use and abuse of antibiotics

Time : 14:40-15:05

Biography:

Abstract:

Rahul M Lokhande

BJ Govt Medical College, India

Title: DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS-CHALLENGES UNFOLDED

Time : 15:05-15:30

Biography:

Dr Rahul Lokhande , MD in Pulmonary Medicine. Working as Associate Professor in Chest department of BJ Govt Medical college Pune India. Member of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Board of Aundh Chest Hospital . He is one of Fogarty Scholar with collaboration with John Hopkins University , Baltimore USA. Working on many studies and trial conducted in BJ government College along with CTU unit , in field of HIV , Tuberculosis and diabeties , upcoming trials on vaccines for tuberculosis . Presently working on “Factors for Unfavorable Outcome of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis “.

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance is an important concern for the public health authorities at global level. Community based researches in developing countries have shown increase in burden of antimicrobial resistance. In 1993 World Health Organization (WHO) declared Tuberculosis as a global emergency and promoted directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) in 1995. Millions of lives have been saved compare with the pre DOTS era, high cure rates have been achieved in most of countries worldwide. Global incidence of tuberculosis has been in a slow decline since the early 2000’s. However, the emergence and spread of Multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, extensively drug resistant ( XDR ) tuberculosis pose a threat to global tuberculosis control .

Genotypic and Phenotypic changes in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ,with lack of adequate laboratory facilities in most of tuberculosis endemic countries leads to missing the diagnosis. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis and XDR tuberculosis greatly complicate patient management within resource poor national tuberculosis program , reducing treatment efficacy and increasing the cost of treatment .

Despite nearly 20 years of WHO promoting activity and >12 years of MDR tuberculosis specific activity , has the country response to the drug resistant tuberculosis epidemic been so in effectual ? The current dilemmas, challenges and priority needs for global drug resistance screening and surveillance, improving treatment regimens, and management of outcomes and prevention of drug resistance will be discussed

Samir Jaoua

Qatar University, Qatar

Title: Mini-Tn10 transposon mutageneis to explore bacteriocin antibiotic coding genes and corresponding conjugative plasmid in Bacillus thuringiensis

Time : 15:30-15:55

Biography:

Samir Jaoua, PhD from the University of Technology of Compiegne (UTC, France), is currently Professor at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (CAS, QU). He is also Qualified Professor of France Universities “Section 64: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry” and Professor at the University of Sfax (Tunisia) and having been previously Director of Laboratory at the Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (University of Sfax- Tunisia). He is molecular and microbial geneticist, having more than 30 years of experience in the fields of molecular and microbial Biotechnology in different countries: France, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Tunisia and Qatar. He is the author of 118 publications with impact factors; H-index: 30 and served as member, Chair, and General Chair of a number of conferences.

Abstract:

Bacillus thuringiensis strain BUPM4 is known for its ability to produce a bacteriocin, called Bacthuricin F4 (BF4), which inhibits the growth of several Gram-positive bacteria and particularly Bacillaceae. This study aimed to use the insertional transposon mutagenesis approach for disrupting and thus identifying genes associated with BF4 synthesis. Here, the mini-Tn10 transposon was used to generate a library of B. thuringiensis mutants. Twenty thousand clones were screened for the search of mutants with affected bacteriocin synthesis. Bymolecular hybridization, it was demonstrated that the mini-Tn10 transposition occurred in different sites. Clone MB1, containing a mini-Tn10 single-copy insertion, lost the BF4 synthesis, but maintained its immunity to BF4. The flanking sequences surrounding the mini-Tn10 insertion were cloned and sequenced. The bacteriocinogenic plasmid pIBF4 from Bacillus thuringiensis responsible of Bacthuricin F4 synthesis was isolated and characterized. It has a molecular weight of 19.1 kb. Ninety-five percent of cells retained the pIBF4 plasmid after 200 generations, demonstrating its high stability. pIBF4 was successfully transferred to Bacillus thuringiensis HD1CryB strain with a transfer frequency of 10^-8 transconjugants per donor cell. The study of the recipient host range revealed that pIBF4 is specifically transferable to Bacillus thuringiensis strains with variable transfer frequencies depending on the recipient host strain.

Evolution and Mechanisms of Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Resistance | Antimicrobial Resistance and its Emergence of Animals | Antimicrobial Resistance: Emergence and its Eccentricity | Antibiotics: Types and Prognosis

Chair

Hideko Kaji

Thomas Jefferson University, USA

Session Introduction

Alessandro Pini

University of Siena, Italy

Title: The preclinical development of a novel antimicrobial peptide with strong antibacterial and anti-infl ammatory activity, systemic and pulmonary delivery with nanoparticles

Time : 12:35-13:00

Biography:

Alessandro Pini is Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Siena, Italy. He has a degree in Biology, a PhD in Biotechnology, and a Postgraduate

degree in Clinical Biochemistry. He was a Visiting Researcher at the Centre of Protein Engineering, MRC, Cambridge, UK, and at the Swiss Federal Institute for

Research (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland. He is the Founder and President of the company SetLance, based in Siena. He is author of dozens of publications and

inventor in 12 patents regarding antibodies and peptides and their applications.

Abstract:

The peptide SET-M33 is currently under preclinical development for the setup of a new antibacterial agent against the most important Gram-negative pathogens (Brunetti et al. 2016, Sci Reports). It is a synthetic molecule produced in tetra branched form, that makes the peptide particularly stable for in vivo use. SET-M33 has a potent activity against a large panel of Gram-negative bacteria, with MIC90 below 1.5μM for multi resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Its mechanism of action involves LPS binding and membrane permeation (van der Weide et al. 2017, Biochim Biophys Acta). In in-vivo models of P. aeruginosa infections the peptide enabled a survival percentage of 60-80% in sepsis and lung infections when injected I.V or by nebulization. Th e peptide is also able to neutralize LPS thus inhibiting the expression of infl ammatory cytokines. Th is produces a strong anti-infl ammatory eff ect as demonstrated in vivo in models of pulmonary

infections (Brunetti et al. 2016, J Biol Chem). Plasma clearance, biodistribution, acute toxicity, synergistic activity with traditional drugs, and resistance selection profi les in comparison with molecules already used in the clinical practice, have been evaluated. The conjugation of SET-M33 to nanoparticles based on diff erent carriers (dextran, poly-lactide-co-glycoside, and others) is under evaluation for the improved delivery and slow release of the molecule administered by aerosol or systemically. Preclinical tests including ADME, safety pharmacology and manufacturing processes are in the last stages of development, thus SET-M33 is expected to enter into clinical trials in the next 18 months.

Nataliya Roth

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria

Title: Role of feed additives in the strategy to reduce the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in broilers

Time : 14:00-14:30

Biography:

Nataliya Roth has completed her MS in Academy of Veterinary Medicine in Lviv, Ukraine and at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna,

Austria. For last 10 years, she has been working in R&D of feed additives producer Biomin Holding GmbH. For last four years, she was working on her PhD about antibiotic use, resistance and strategies to overcome resistance on University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna.

Abstract:

The application of antibiotics for the treatment of disease, disease prevention and growth promotion in food-producing animals provides favorable conditions for the selection, persistence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance determinants at the farm level. Increasing antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat and prevent poultry diseases worldwide. Fluoroquinolone resistance rates are high in their countries of use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the eff ect of an acid-based feed additive, as well as fl uoroquinolone antibiotics, on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli. To study the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli are widely accepted as indicator bacteria. A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to three treatments: a control group receiving a basal diet; a group receiving a feed additive (FA) based on formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid; and an antibiotic enrofl oxacin (AB) group given the same diet but supplemented with enrofl oxacin in water. A pooled

fecal sample of one-day-old chicks was collected upon arrival at the experimental farm. On day 17 and day 38 of the trial, cecal samples from each of the eight pens were taken, and the count of E. coli and antibiotic-resistant E. coli was determined. The results of the study show a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in one-day-old chicks. Supplementation of the diet with FA and treatment of broilers with AB did not have a signifi cant infl uence on the total number of E. coli in the cecal content on day 17 and day 38 of the trial. Supplementation with FA contributed to better growth performance and to a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in E. coli resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline compared to the control and AB groups, as well as to a decrease (P≤0.05) in sulfamethoxazole and ciprofl oxacin-resistant E. coli compared to the AB group. Treatment with AB increased (P≤0.05) the average daily weight compared to the control group and increased (P≤0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to ciprofl oxacin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline; it also decreased (P≤0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to cefotaxime and extended spectrum beta-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing E. coli in the ceca of broilers.

Richard M Beteck

Rhodes University, South Africa

Title: Metronidazole Schiff base hybrids: Synthesis and in vitro anti-trichomonocidal evaluation

Time : 15:20-15:40

Biography:

Richard Mbi Beteck has completed his PhD from North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus and is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow at Rhodes University.

Abstract:

Introduction: Trichomoniasis is a neglected venereal infection aff ecting almost 43 million people in Africa and almost 4 million people in the United states of America. It is a very common disease with high prevalence of up to 40% in some regions in Africa. It is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasitic protozoan which is transmitted from person to persons during sex. It has been established that infection with T. vaginalis increases the chances of acquiring and transmitting HIV. It also amplifi es the progression of other sexually transmitted diseases. Treatment of Trichomoniasis rely solely on metronidazole and tinidazole, with metronidazole being the mainstay therapy. Th ese agents are eff ective and safe at low doses required to treat susceptible strains of the parasite. However, serious side eff ects arose when large doses are used to manage metronidazole tolerant and resistant strains of T. vaginalis. With metronidazole tolerant and resistant strains of T. vaginalis well documented, it is imperative to develop new trichomonacidal agents.

Methodology & Th eoretical Orientation: Our approach is to develop novel agents that can potentially probe new targets in the parasite and can still be reduced in the parasite hydrogenosome to generate reactive radicals (as does metronidazole). To this eff ect, we conceptualised and synthesise target compounds containing a metronidazole (MTZ) unit fl agged by Schiff bases of varied lipophilicities and hydrogen bonding properties.

Findings: Target compounds were screened in vitro against drug susceptible strains of the parasite for preliminary investigation and were established to be potent, with almost 80% of target compounds exhibiting 100% parasite inhibition at 10μM.

Conclusion & Signifi cance: Th ere is currently no treatment for metronidazole resistant trichomoniasis. Our approach has delivered very potent agents having the potential to probe additional targets to that of MTZ. Th ey are promising templates to overcome the issue of resistance.

Hak-Ryul Kim

Kyungpook National University, Korea

Title: 7,10-epoxy octadeca 7,9-dienoic acid: Potential candidate for antibacterial agent against multidrugresistant Staphylococcus aureus

Time : 15:40-16:20

Biography:

Hak-Ryul Kim has completed his PhD from Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama and Postdoctoral studies from University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy in Baltimore, Maryland. He is a Professor and Chairman of School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook Nartional University in Daegu Korea. He has published more than 65 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Board Member of the International Society of Biocatalysis and Agricultureal Biotechnology.

Abstract:

Structural modifi cation of natural lipids by biocatalysis can change their properties or even create novel functionalities. Hydroxy fatty acid, one of oxylipins, can be produced from the microbial bioconversion of natural vegetable oils. Recently 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was produced with high yield from olive oil containing oleic acid by bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, and further study confi rmed that DOD contained strong antimicrobial activities against broad range of microorganisms. In this study we tried to modify DOD molecules by physical reaction to create new functionality or to enhance the antimicrobial activity of DOD. Aft er the harsh heat-treatment, a novel furan fatty acid (EODA) was produced from DOD. We confi rmed that EODA presented strong antibacterial activity against multi drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and also EODA showed a recuperative eff ect of the b-lactam antibiotics activity against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Alessandro Pini

University of Siena, Italy

Title: The selective removal of LPS and LTA from human blood. Construction and use of a medical device based on the peptide SET-M33

Time : 16:20-16:40

Biography:

Alessandro Pini is Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Siena, Italy. He has a degree in Biology, a PhD in Biotechnology, and a postgraduate degree in Clinical Biochemistry. He was visiting researcher at the Centre of Protein Engineering, MRC, Cambridge, UK, and at the Swiss Federal Institute for Research (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland. He is founder and president of the company SetLance, based in Siena. SetLance has a special focus in the identifi cation and early development of peptide-based drugs. He is author of dozens of publications and inventor in 12 patents regarding antibodies and peptides and their applications.

Abstract:

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by the body's immune and coagulation systems. Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by low blood pressure despite adequate fl uid replacement, and organ dysfunction or failure. Sepsis is an important cause of death in people of all ages (Perner et al, 2017, Intensive Care Med). It is triggered by bacterial infections and by the release of LPS and LTA from bacterial surfaces (Ianaro et al, 2009 Mini Rev Med Chem; Kang et al, 2016 Arch Pharm Res).Here it will be described the construction of a new device for the selective removal of LPS and LTA from blood of patient with sepsis. Th is medical device is based on a resin conjugated with SET-M33 (Brunetti et al. 2016, Sci Reports), a synthetic peptide capable to strongly bind LPS and LTA from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Th e device is able to remove selectively LPS and LTA from human blood samples without aff ecting serum protein content. It is currently under development for the clinical use in Intensive Care Units where sepsis is among the most imporant cause of death worldwide

Modern Antibiotics for Various Diseases and Infections | Antibiotics: Market Analysis & Business Opportunities | Alternative Strategies for Antimicrobial Resistance Worldwide | Analytical Strategies for Antimicrobials & Antibiotics

Chair

Akira Kaji

University of Pennsylvania, USA

Co-Chair

Chair 2-Tore Midtvedt

Karolinska Institute, Sweden

Session Introduction

Nataliya Roth

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria

Title: Prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in animals -A global perspective farm environments

Time : 13:30-14:00

Biography:

Nataliya Roth has completed her MS in Academy of Veterinary Medicine in Lviv, Ukraine and at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna,

Austria. From past 10 years, she has been working in R&D of feed additives producer Biomin Holding GmbH. From past four years, she was working on her PhD about antibiotic use, resistance and strategies to overcome resistance at University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna.

Abstract:

The increase in antibiotic resistance is a global concern for human and animal health. Resistant microorganisms can move between food-producing animals and humans by direct contact, through the food chain or in the environment. An overview of antibiotic use and resistance in food producing animals from diff erent countries provides an essential tool to fi nding solutions to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Th e monitoring of antimicrobial use together with resistance rates of indicator E. coli provides an overview, allowing the identifi cation of further regulatory and research needs. Th e established national surveillance of antibiotic resistance is essential in providing comparable data. Scientifi c work provides some AR data

for countries that lack national monitoring, which indicates the prevalence of resistant bacteria. Available data from the US, China, the United Kingdom and Germany indicate minor diff erences in resistance rates among E. coli isolated from chickens on farms, from slaughterhouses and from retail meat. Th e resistance rates to fl uoroquinolones and quinolones are lower in US in comparison to other large poultry producers that allow that use of fluoroquinolones. Th ese fi ndings demonstrate the possibility to produce poultry without fluoroquinolones, which results in low resistance rates. Th e resistance rates in E. coli to representatives of several antibiotic classes, e.g., tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and ampicillin, are rather high in large poultry producing countries, with the exception of ampicillin resistance in the US.

Workshop-Helieh S Oz

UK Medical Center, USA

Title: Overuse of antibiotics in food animal industry and infectious and infl ammatory complications in humans

Time : 14:00-15:00

Biography:

Helieh S Oz is an active Member of American Association of Gastroenterology (AGA) and AGA Fellow (AGAF) and an Associate in Rome Foundation (Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases). She is a Microbiologist with expertise in infectious and infl ammatory diseases, drugs discovery, pathogenesis, innate/mucosal immunity, molecular biology, and micronutrient. She has over 90 publications in the areas of chronic infl ammatory disorders, microbial and infectious diseases. She has served as Lead Editor for special issues including Gut infl ammatory, infectious diseases and nutrition 2017 (Mediators of Infl ammation); gastrointestinal infl ammation, repair: role of microbiome, infection, nutrition (Gastroenterology Research Practice), J. Nutrient and guest Editor for J. Pediatric Infectious Disease. She is a member of different Editorial Board and an avid reviewer for journals.

Abstract:

with possible allergic, antibiotic resistance, and other enigmatic side eff ects. It is estimated that over 80% of antimicrobials are used for prevention and growth promotion in swine, cattle and chickens compared to only 20% used in human therapies. This presentation will aim to discuss unintentional consumption of antibiotic residues in contaminated food products with possible

side eff ects. Association between overuse and abuse of antibiotics in food animal industry will be discussed with outbreaks of major infectious foodborne diseases, altered gut microbiota and dysbiosis with serious complications. In addition, different preventive measures will be discussed including possible applications of new agents as surrogates to substitute antibiotics in food animals.

Poster 1: Yeon-Jung Lee

Kyungpook National University, Korea

Title: Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of a functional xylitol ester of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)- octadecenoic acid

Time : 15:00-16:00

Biography:

Yeon-Jung Lee is a graduate student in School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University in Daegu Korea.

Abstract:

Hydroxy fatty acids have been widely studied because they have various biological properties that can be utilized in many industries, compared with other types of fatty acids. Among the hydroxy fatty acids, our research group focused on 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). We confi rmed that the strong antibacterial activities of DOD against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and plant pathogenic bacteria. Saccharide–fatty acid esters are important biodegradable emulsifiers in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, hence, we focused on enzymatic synthesis of DOD-saccharide esters for industrial utilization of DOD. Several saccharides were screened as a substrate for esterifi cation with DOD. As a result, DOD xylitol ester was successfully produced at 50 with stirring at 200rpm for 24 hours in the presence of lipozyme RMIM as enzyme, and t-butyl alcohol as solvent. Its structure was confi rmed by GC/MS.

Poster 2: Adailton Pereira dos Santos

Federal University of Goias, Brazil

Title: Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against betalactamics

Time : 15:00-16:00

Biography:

Adailton Pereira dos Santos has graduated in Biology from the Pontifi cal Catholic University of Goiás (2002). He has a Specialization in Teacher Training in the area of Environmental Education by the Pontifi cal Catholic University of Goiás (2002-2003). He currently teaches at Dom Pedro I State College (2014-2017) and Severina Maria de Jesus State College (2003-2017). He has experience in General Biology, with emphasis in General Biology, mainly in the following subjects: Ecotoxicology, Danio rerio, Industrial Effl uents and Bioindicators.

Abstract:

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are problems of big global importance. Th e Β-lactamases are enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactams ring; this prevents the action of β-lactams antimicrobials. Th e objective of this work was to diagnose phenotypically and molecularly 15 beta-lactamase resistance genes. Sixty samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were

selected, and the antibiogram test was done for resistance test against beta-lactams class. A literature review was performed and discovered many genes that present resistance to beta-lactams in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Aft er the literature revision, molecular tests of PCR SYBR Green method, to amplify of the genes corresponding to the resistances found in phenotyping

were performed. Following the antibiograms of the samples, they found that 24/60 (40%) were resistant to aztreonam, 15/60 (25%) to gentamicin, 6/60 (10%) to ceft azidime, 4/60 (6%), ciprofl oxacin, 4/60 (6.6%) to imepenem and 2/60 (3.3%) to piperacillin + tazobactam. No sample showed positive results for ESBL, metallo-β-lactamase neither to carbapenemase. The isolates of P. aeruginosa from our study showed a high production rate of AmpC. Among the preliminary results, we found data of correlation between beta-lactam antibiotics and resistance genes. Th e blaVIM, blaIMP, blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaGIM, blaSPM genes presented resistant to piperacillin + tazobactan, ciprofl oxacin, aztreonam and ceft azidime. According the criteria established by the Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards, this work presents the same beta-lactamases resistance shown by literature.

Poster 3-Andressa Liberal Santos

Federal University of Goias, Brazil

Title: Beta-lactamics antimicrobial resistance from Enterobacteriaceae

Time : 15:00-16:00

Biography:

Santos A L has completed her graduation in Microbiology and Immunology from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Currently, she is pursuing her Master’s

degree in Biology of parasite-host relationships of Universidade Federal de Goiás in Brazil

Abstract:

Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem. Resistance is generated by the acquisition of genes that encode methods of evasion to the mechanisms of action of antimicrobials. Strains with resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics emerged among the major Gram-negative species, including the family Enterobacteriaceae. Among the antibiotics, frequently used are beta-lactams and resistance to this class has also increased. Th e objective of this work was identifi ed Enterobacteriaceae resistance by phenotypic method and to standardize a molecular diagnostic method for 15 beta-lactam resistance genes. The Kirby and Bauer methods were used to verify the phenotypic resistance to beta-lactams and the molecular tracing of resistance genes was done using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method using the SYBR Green System. Among the results, the study also showed the phenotyic resistance of beta-lactams following the criteria established by the Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards, in which the samples had a total of 118 resistances, being 5.08% in K. pneumoniae, 0.84%

in P. mirabilis, 3.38% in C. freundii, 19.49% in S. enterica, 23.72% in E. aerogenes, 16.94% in E. agglomerans, 1.69% in R terrigenes, 5.93% in P. stuartii, 10.16% in M. morganii and 7.62% in H. alvei. Aft er, a bibliographic research was carried out on resistance genes, antimicrobial and Enterobacteriaceae like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii,

Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella enterica, Raoultella terrigenes, Providencia stuartii, Morganella morganii and Hafnia alvei. Subsequently. Th e work presents bibliographic data on the relationship between beta-lactams and resistance genes studied, as well as the relation of these and Enterobacteriaceae, all of clinical origin in Brazil. Finally, molecular resistance profi les were screened on the bacteria studied, there is a

correlation of phenotype data with the genes studied. A molecular diagnostic method for 15 beta-lactams resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae was standardized via qPCR.

Poster 4-Celia Regina Malveste Ito

Federal University of Goias, Brazil

Title: The role of Gentamicine in microbial control of donor corneal tissue

Time : 15:00-16:00

Biography:

Célia Regina Malveste Ito has completed her Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from the Pontifi cal Catholic University of Goiás (2008) and a Master's degree in Health Sciences from the Federal University of Goiás in 2017, doing research in the area of Microbiology. Currently, she is a Supervisor and Technician of the Eye Bank of the Federal University of Goiás. She has experience in the fi eld of General Biology, with emphasis on evaluation and preservation of human tissues.

Abstract:

Introduction: Gentamicin is the most eff ective antibiotic for the decontamination of donor eyes before enucleation and preserved corneas for transplantation, being the most used in the composition of commercial preservation media. It is important to detect trends of microbial resistance to the antibiotics of choice in most presently used corneal preservation solutions.

Objective: Th e objective of the present study was to analyze the susceptibility of the isolated microbiota in donor eyes for corneal transplantation to gentamicin.

Result: In relation to the antimicrobial action of gentamicin, of the 335 bacterial samples isolated, antibiotic test against gentamicin was performed in 305 samples, of which 88% (268/305) were sensitive to the antibiotic and 12% (37/305) were antibiotic-resistant. Of these, 12% of gentamicin-resistant strains, 5% were Gram-negative bacteria and 7% were Gram-positive bacteria, most of which were Staphylococcus Coagulase Negative (SCN).

Discussion: Th is sensitivity rate is still worrying, since there is no adequate antisepsis of Ocular tissues prior to preservation, microorganisms resistant to the antibiotic contained in the preservation medium may remain in the corneal tissue at the time of transplantation, resulting in a corneal receptor endophthalmitis.

Conclusion: Although some strains resistant to gentamicin have been found, the corneal preservation medium containing gentamicin as an antibiotic complements tissue decontamination procedure and provides greater safety for the preservation of corneal tissue for transplantation.

Poster 5-Ji-Sun Moon

Kyungpook Nartional University, Korea

Title: A Furan Fatty Acid 7,10-epoxy octadeca 7,9-dienoic acid : A synergistic antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Time : 15:00-16:00

Biography:

Ji-Sun Moon is a graduate student in School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University in Daegu Korea..

Abstract:

Structural modifi cation of natural lipids by biocatalysis can change their properties or even create novel functionalities.

Hydroxy fatty acid, one of oxylipins, can be produced from the microbial bioconversion of natural vegetable oils. Recently

7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was produced with high yield from olive oil containing oleic acid by bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, and further study confi rmed that DOD contained strong antimicrobial activities against broad range of microorganisms. In this study, we tried to modify DOD molecules by physical reaction to create new functionality or to enhance the antimicrobial activity of DOD. Aft er the harsh heat-treatment, a novel furan fatty acid (EODA) was produced from DOD. We confi rmed that EODA presented strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus and also EODA showed a recuperative eff ect of the beta-lactam antibiotics activity against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus

Scientific Program

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Day 1 : April 20, 2018

Keynote Forum

Keynote: The major action of Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) is to release mRNA from spent ribosomesâ€”Use of this reaction for quick screening of specific antibiotic against RRF

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: Development of novel antimicrobials to overcome antibiotics resistance

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: Combating antimicrobial resistance â€“ Utility of antimicrobial combination therapy and/or inhibitors

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: Overuse of antibiotics in food animal industry and infectious and inflammatory complications in humans

Biography:

Workshop

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: Fragment-based and natural product-derived antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: A holistic approach for evaluation of adverse effects regarding usage of antimicrobials

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: Fragment-based and natural product-derived antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: The major action of Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) is to release mRNA from spent ribosomes-Use of this reaction for quick screening of specifi c antibiotic against RRF

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: A holistic approach for evaluation of adverse effects regarding usage of antimicrobials

Biography:

Abstract:

Keynote Forum

Keynote: The hollow fi ber infection model: Principles and practice

Biography:

Abstract:

Session Introduction

Title: Overuse of Antibiotics in food Animal Industry and Infectious and Inflammatory Complications in Humans

Biography:

Workshop

Abstract:

Title: The preclinical development of a novel antimicrobial peptide with strong antibacterial and antiinflammatory activity,systemic and pulmonary delivery with nanoparticles

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: From bugs to drugs: Combating antimicrobial resistance by discovering novel antibiotics

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: 7,10-epoxy octadeca 7,9-dienoic acid: Potential candidate for antibacterial agent against multidrugresistant Staphylococcus aureus

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: Antibiotic Utilisation Review in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: Berry pomace extracts as natural sanitizer in controlling entericpathogens in fresh produce

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: Role of feed additives in the strategy to reduce the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in broilers

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: Panton â€“ Valentine Leukocidin producing Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from three health care centers in Tabuk City â€“ Saudi Arabia

Biography:

Abstract:

Session Introduction

Title: Metronidazole schiff base hybrids: Synthesis and in vitro anti-trichomonocidal evaluation

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: New antibiotics on the market and how to effectively use them

Biography:

Abstract:

Title: Mobility of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium under natural and simulated farm environments

Biography:

Abstract: